Exercise 2:  How similar are fossils deposited at the same time?

For the second exercise, I will start by identifying our fossils.

Site #1
(Davidsion Co., TN)


Rhynchotrema


Zygospira


Platystrophia


Hebertella


Rafinesquina


Lepidocyclus (Orthorhynchula)


Hallopora


Atactoporella


Constellaria


Heterotrypa


Prasopora
with external mold of Mollusk #1


Streptelasma


Tetradium


Ctenodonta (internal mold)


Echinoderm - Crinoid # 1


Site #2
(Decatur Co, TN)


Leptaena


Discomyorthis


Sphaerirhynchia


Pseudoatrypa


Levenea


Schuchertella


Gypidula


Bryozoan #1


Bryozoan #2
with some Bryozoan #1


Favosites


Streptelasma


Echinoderm - Crinoid #1


Echinoderm - Crinoid #2

Site #3
(McNairy Co., TN)


Turritella


Euspira


Drilluta


Crassetella


Neithea


Pecten


Corbula


Linotrigonia


Exogyra


Ostrea


Paranomia

We don't yet know for sure whether these three collections of fossils were deposited at the same time or not.

To get  a better view of this issue, we neet a way to identify
 
 
 

Region Towns Strata
Middle Tennessee Nashville, Murfreesboro, Lebanon, Carthage Stones River Group
Nashville Group
Upper Mississippi Valey Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN; Rochester, MN; Appleton, WI; Galena, IL; Decorah, IA Galena Group,  Decorah Shale, Dunleith Formation
Eastern Missouri Allenton, Pevely, Ste. Genevieve, Altenburg, Cape Giradeau Platin Group, Decorah Shale
North Central Kentucky, 
Southern Ohio
Cincinnati, OH; Frankfurt, KY; Lexington, KY Tyrone Limestone, Lexington Limestone
Northern Virginia,
Eastern West Virginia
Shenandoah Valley, Martinsburg, Strasburg, Mauzy, Colliersville Martinsburg Formation
Central Pennsylvania Nittany Valley, Harrisburg Nealmont Formation, Salona Formation
Upstate New York Mohawk Valley, Booneville, Middleville Black River Group, Trenton Group
Southern Ontario Toronto, Kingston, Ottawa, Montreal Black River Group, Trenton Group
Dennis R. Colata, Warren D. Huff, and Stig M. Bergstrom, Ordovician K-Bentonites of Eastern North America, Geological Society of America, Special Paper 313, 1996.
Do strata deposited at the same time have the same fossils?

Are the fossils found near the bentonite from the Taconic Orogeny in Davidson County, also found in other strata laid down at the same time?

fossils found in Nashville (Stones River and Nashville Groups) 
Upper Mississippi Valley 1
Eastern 
Missouri 2
Kentucky, 
Ohio 3
Virginia, 
West Virginia 4
Central 
Pennsylvania 5
Upstate 
New York 6
Southern Ontario 7
Rhynchotrema
yes
 yes
yes
yes
Zygospira
yes
yes
 yes
 yes
yes
yes
Platystrophia
yes
 yes
yes
yes
Resserella
yes
 yes
yes
yes
yes
Rafinesquina
yes
 -
 yes
 yes
yes
yes
yes
Hebertella
-
-
yes
-
-
-
-
Lepidocyclus
-
-
yes
-
-
-
-
Hallopora
yes
 yes
Atactoporella
 -
 yes
Constellaria
yes
 yes
 yes
Heterotrypa
yes
 yes
Prasopora
yes
 yes
yes 
yes
Streptelasma
yes
 yes
Tetradium
Ctenodonta
yes 
 yes
 
Do strata deposited at different times have the same fossils?
Are the fossils found in Decatur County also found in strata laid down at the same time as the Davidson County strata?
fossils found in Decatur County, TN (Ross Formation) Upper Mississippi Valley Eastern Missouri Kentucky, Ohio Virginia, 
West Virginia
Central Pennsylvania Upstate New York Southern Ontario
Leptaena
 -
-
yes
Discomtorthis
Sphaerirhynchia
Pseudoatrypa
Levenea
Schuchertella
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Gypicula
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Favosites
Streptelasma
yes
 yes
 -

 

Do strata deposited at different times have the same fossils?

Are the fossils found in McNairy County also found in strata laid down at the same time as the Davidson County strata?
fossils found in McNairy County (Coon Creek Formation) Upper Mississippi Valley 1 Eastern Missouri Kentucky, Ohio Virginia, 
West Virginia
Central Pennsylvania Upstate New York Southern Ontario
Turritella
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Euspira
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Drilluta
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Crassatella
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Nethea
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pecten
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Corbula
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Exogyra
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Ostrea
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Paranomia
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

How can you explain that the fossils found in Nashville are so similar to fossils which were deposited at the same time elsewhere in the country, while so different from fossils found at the other two sites in Tennessee?
 

1.  Robert E Sloan (ed) Middle and Late Ordovician Lithostratigraphy and Biostratigraphy of the Upper Mississippi Valey, University of Minnesota Report of Investigations # 35 Saint Paul, 1987.
2.  Fenton, C.L., 1928, The St4ratigraphy and Larger fossils of the Plattin Group in Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri.  American Midland Naturalist (Notre Dame), 11(2): 86-96.
6.  Wright, T.O. & Caldemeyer, R.D. 1977. Invertebrate fossils from Schochary Ridge, Berks and Lehigh Counties, Pennsylvania.  Pennsylvania Academy of Science Proceedings (University Park), 51 (2):  153-156.
7.  Wilson, A.E. 1946.  Brachiopoda of the Ottawa Formation of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland.  Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin (Ottawa), 8:1-149. 11 Pl.s.

 

 
 



Continue to Exercise 3